{
  "metadata": {
    "source": "MyInvoiceTemplate",
    "title": "US State Late-Payment Interest Rates — 50 States + DC (2026)",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://myinvoicetemplate.com/tools/late-fee-calculator/#state-rates-title",
    "datasetUrl": "https://myinvoicetemplate.com/data/late-payment-interest-by-state-2026.json",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "lastVerified": "2026-06-12",
    "recordCount": 51,
    "methodology": "Distilled from statute-verified research (51 US jurisdictions, each researched and adversarially verified against official sources). 'Default' = legal rate when a B2B contract is silent; 'maxWritten' = ceiling a written B2B contract may charge. Not legal advice.",
    "note": "Distilled from statute-verified research (51 jurisdictions, each researched + adversarially verified against official sources, June 2026). Source of truth: late-fee-research-master.json in repo root (local). Do NOT edit rates here without re-verifying against the cited statute."
  },
  "states": [
    {
      "state": "Alabama",
      "rate": "6%",
      "rateDetail": "Default when there is no written rate; runs from the day payment was due.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "8% written-contract cap — but any agreed rate is allowed when the deal is $2,000 or more (covers most B2B invoices).",
      "cite": "Ala. Code §§ 8-8-1, 8-8-5",
      "url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "conditional",
        "capShort": "8% (deals under $2,000)",
        "note": "8% written cap, but any agreed rate is lawful once the deal is $2,000+ (covers most invoices); usury defense barred above that. Under $2,000 stays at 8%.",
        "basis": "Ala. Code §§ 8-8-1, 8-8-5"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Alaska",
      "rate": "10.5%",
      "rateDetail": "Statutory legal rate on money after it is due when no written rate is set.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "Greater of 10% or Fed 12th District rate +5 pts — but contracts over $25,000 are exempt (any agreed rate).",
      "cite": "AS 45.45.010",
      "url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp#45.45.010",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "conditional",
        "capShort": "~10% floating (deals $25,000 or less)",
        "note": "Cap = greater of 10% or Fed 12th-Dist rate +5 pts. Only contracts OVER $25,000 escape it, so a typical smaller invoice stays under the ~10%+ floating ceiling.",
        "basis": "AS 45.45.010(b)"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Arizona",
      "rate": "10%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate when no rate is agreed in writing.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "No cap — any rate agreed in writing is lawful.",
      "cite": "A.R.S. §§ 44-1201, 44-1202",
      "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/44/01201.htm",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "No usury ceiling: any rate is lawful if agreed in writing. The 10% figure is only a gap-filler when the contract sets no rate.",
        "basis": "A.R.S. §§ 44-1201, 44-1202"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Arkansas",
      "rate": "6%",
      "rateDetail": "Default when the contract is silent; in litigation, court-awarded interest follows the contract rate or Fed primary credit rate +2%, whichever is greater.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "17% per year — constitutional cap (amend. 89, § 3); no business exemption. Usurious contracts are void as to principal and interest.",
      "cite": "Ark. Const. amend. 89; Ark. Code Ann. § 4-57-101(d)",
      "url": "https://www.csbs.org/2020-02/Arkansas_Final",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "capped",
        "capShort": "17% (constitutional)",
        "note": "Hard 17%/yr constitutional cap on all contracts; no business exemption. A clause above 17% makes the contract void as to BOTH principal and interest.",
        "basis": "Ark. Const. amend. 89 §§ 3, 6"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "California",
      "rate": "10%",
      "rateDetail": "Default on contract debts after breach when the contract is silent; runs from the date a fixed sum became due.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "Usury law reaches only loans/forbearance — not bona fide trade-credit terms. For true business loans: higher of 10% or FRBSF discount rate +5 pts, with broad exemptions (e.g. $300,000+ entity credit, licensed lenders).",
      "cite": "Cal. Civ. Code § 3289(b); Cal. Const. art. XV, § 1",
      "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CIV&sectionNum=3289.",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "Usury reaches only loans/forbearance, not bona fide trade credit. A finance charge on a real B2B invoice is unconstrained; set the rate by written agreement.",
        "basis": "Cal. Const. art. XV §1; Civ. Code §3289"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Colorado",
      "rate": "8%",
      "rateDetail": "Compounded annually; runs from when the money became due on instruments, settled accounts, and money due on account.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "Up to 45% per year may be stipulated in writing — the cap applies to business deals too.",
      "cite": "C.R.S. §§ 5-12-101 to -103",
      "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-05.pdf",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "capped",
        "capShort": "45%",
        "note": "Up to 45%/yr may be stipulated in writing; the cap binds business deals too and 45% is also the criminal-usury line. Narrow 'commercial credit plan' carve-out exists.",
        "basis": "C.R.S. §§ 5-12-103, 18-15-104"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Connecticut",
      "rate": "10%",
      "rateDetail": "Court-awarded (discretionary) on money wrongfully withheld, from when it became payable; the classic legal rate for loans is 8%.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "12% general cap — but commercial loans are largely exempt under § 37-9 tiers (e.g. $10k–$250k: deposit index +17%).",
      "cite": "Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 37-3a, 37-4, 37-9",
      "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_673.htm",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "conditional",
        "capShort": "12% (debt $10k or less)",
        "note": "12% cap; commercial LOAN tiers lift it ($10k-$250k: deposit index+17%; over $250k: none). Small invoices and the trade-invoice (not a 'loan') case stay at 12%.",
        "basis": "Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 37-4, 37-9"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Delaware",
      "rate": "Variable",
      "rateDetail": "Fed discount rate +5 pts, fixed as of when interest became due; simple interest on invoice debts.",
      "rateCurrent": {
        "label": "8.75% (since 12/11/2025)",
        "url": "https://courts.delaware.gov/forms/download.aspx?id=27048"
      },
      "maxWritten": "Written cap floats at the same discount +5 pts formula — but loans over $100,000 are uncapped, and business entities cannot plead usury at all.",
      "cite": "6 Del. C. §§ 2301, 2306",
      "url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title6/c023/",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "Business entities (corp, LLC, LP, trust) cannot plead usury at all, and loans over $100k are uncapped. No criminal-usury backstop, so effectively no ceiling on entity B2B.",
        "basis": "6 Del. C. §§ 2301(c), 2306"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "District of Columbia",
      "rate": "6%",
      "rateDetail": "Default absent an expressed rate; on liquidated debts interest runs from the due date.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "24% written cap — but business-purpose loans over $2,500 are fully exempt (any agreed rate).",
      "cite": "D.C. Code §§ 28-3301, 28-3302, 15-108",
      "url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/28-3302",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "conditional",
        "capShort": "24% (deals $2,500 or less)",
        "note": "24% written cap, but a business-purpose loan OVER $2,500 (not home-secured) may carry any rate. At/under $2,500 the 24% cap applies.",
        "basis": "D.C. Code § 28-3301(a),(d)(1)(B)"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Florida",
      "rate": "Variable",
      "rateDetail": "Set quarterly by the state CFO (NY Fed discount 12-month average +400 bps); applies when the contract is silent.",
      "rateCurrent": {
        "label": "8.25% (Q2 2026)",
        "url": "https://www.myfloridacfo.com/division/aa/audits-reports/judgment-interest-rates"
      },
      "maxWritten": "18% for obligations of $500,000 or less; above $500,000 the bound is the 25% criminal-usury line. No general business exemption.",
      "cite": "Fla. Stat. §§ 687.01, 55.03, 687.02–.03",
      "url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2024/687.01",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "capped",
        "capShort": "18%",
        "note": "18%/yr cap on obligations of $500,000 or less (the ordinary case); no general business exemption. Only deals over $500k rise to the 25% criminal-usury line.",
        "basis": "Fla. Stat. §§ 687.02-.03, 687.071"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Georgia",
      "rate": "7%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate on liquidated demands when no written rate; on commercial accounts a creditor may charge up to 1.5%/month (18%/yr) on amounts 30+ days past due even without a written rate.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "$3,000 or less: 16% cap. Above $3,000: any rate agreed in a written contract.",
      "cite": "O.C.G.A. §§ 7-4-2, 7-4-16",
      "url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/title-7/chapter-4/article-1/section-7-4-2/",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "conditional",
        "capShort": "16% (principal $3,000 or less)",
        "note": "At/under $3,000: 16% cap. Above $3,000: any rate by written contract. Without a written rate, a creditor may still charge only 1.5%/mo (18%/yr) on commercial accounts.",
        "basis": "O.C.G.A. §§ 7-4-2, 7-4-16"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Hawaii",
      "rate": "10%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate when there is no express written contract fixing a different rate.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "No cap for non-consumer transactions — any rate may be stipulated by written contract.",
      "cite": "HRS §§ 478-2, 478-4(c)",
      "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/vol11_ch0476-0490/hrs0478/hrs_0478-0002.htm",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "No ceiling for non-consumer deals: any rate may be set by written contract. A B2B invoice is neither consumer credit nor a home loan, so it is uncapped.",
        "basis": "HRS §§ 478-4(c), 478-8"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Idaho",
      "rate": "12%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate absent a written rate; fixed-sum invoices accrue from the due date; open accounts start 3 months after the last item.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "No cap — the finance-charge rate is whatever the parties agree (Idaho Credit Code consumer rules don't reach business credit).",
      "cite": "Idaho Code §§ 28-22-104, 28-42-201",
      "url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title28/t28ch22/sect28-22-104/",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "No usury cap; the finance-charge rate is whatever the parties agree. Idaho Credit Code rate limits reach only consumer credit, not business debts.",
        "basis": "Idaho Code §§ 28-42-201, 28-41-301"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Illinois",
      "rate": "5%",
      "rateDetail": "Statutory legal rate on written instruments and money wrongfully withheld when no rate is agreed.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "9% nominal written-contract ceiling — but business/commercial credit is broadly exempt (any agreed rate).",
      "cite": "815 ILCS 205/2, 205/4",
      "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=081502050K2",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "9% nominal cap, but any loan to a corporation and any business-purpose loan may bear any agreed rate. Ordinary B2B credit is effectively uncapped.",
        "basis": "815 ILCS 205/4(1)(a),(c)"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Indiana",
      "rate": "8%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate on overdue contract debts when the contract specifies no rate.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "No general civil cap for written B2B contracts — consumer-credit caps don't apply to business-purpose debts.",
      "cite": "Ind. Code §§ 24-4.6-1-102, -103",
      "url": "https://iga.in.gov/laws/2024/ic/titles/24",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "No civil usury cap on written B2B contracts; consumer caps don't reach business debts. Only outer bound is the 72%/yr criminal loansharking line — far above any trade late fee.",
        "basis": "Ind. Code §§ 24-4.5-3; 35-45-7-2"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Iowa",
      "rate": "5%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate absent a written agreement; open accounts start 6 months after the last item. A separate variable rate governs once suit is filed.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "Floating cap for ordinary written agreements (10-yr Treasury monthly average +2 pts, set monthly by the Superintendent of Banking) — business credit is exempt.",
      "cite": "Iowa Code § 535.2",
      "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/535.2.pdf",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "Business or agricultural credit is exempt: parties may agree in writing to any rate, with no usury defense or penalty. The floating cap binds only consumer deals.",
        "basis": "Iowa Code § 535.2(2)(a)(5)"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Kansas",
      "rate": "10%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate for money after it becomes due when no other rate is agreed; no waiting period or demand requirement.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "15% written cap — but business and agricultural transactions are exempt (any agreed rate).",
      "cite": "K.S.A. 16-201, 16-207",
      "url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch16/016_002_0001.html",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "15% written cap does NOT apply to business or agricultural transactions (purposes other than personal/family/household) — those may carry any agreed rate.",
        "basis": "K.S.A. 16-207(a),(e)(5)"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Kentucky",
      "rate": "8%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate, recoverable after default until judgment when the contract names no rate.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "Principal of $15,000 or less: lesser of Fed 90-day commercial-paper discount +4 pts or 19%. Over $15,000: any agreed rate.",
      "cite": "KRS 360.010",
      "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=47989",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "conditional",
        "capShort": "19% (non-entity, $15,000 or less)",
        "note": "Over $15,000: any rate. At/under $15,000: lesser of Fed 90-day CP discount+4 pts or 19%. Corp/LLC debtors can't plead usury, so the cap really bites only small sole-prop debts.",
        "basis": "KRS 360.010(1)"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Louisiana",
      "rate": "Variable",
      "rateDetail": "Judicial interest, reset each calendar year by the Commissioner of Financial Institutions (Fed discount rate on first business day of October +3.25 pts); runs from the time the sum was due.",
      "rateCurrent": {
        "label": "7.50% (2026)",
        "url": "https://ofi.la.gov/legal/statutes-rules-policies-opinions/judicial-interest-rates/"
      },
      "maxWritten": "12% maximum conventional rate fixed in writing — but commercial/business obligations are exempt.",
      "cite": "La. R.S. 9:3500, 13:4202; Civ. Code art. 2000",
      "url": "https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=107209",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "12% conventional cap does NOT apply to commercial/business-purpose obligations; B2B parties may agree to any rate in writing.",
        "basis": "La. R.S. 9:3500(D), 9:3509"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Maine",
      "rate": "Variable",
      "rateDetail": "When the contract is silent: 1-year U.S. Treasury bill rate +3 pts (prejudgment; T-bill +6 pts after judgment). Check the current 1-yr T-bill weekly average on the Fed H.15 release.",
      "rateCurrent": {
        "label": "see Fed H.15 for current T-bill",
        "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h15/"
      },
      "maxWritten": "No general cap for business/commercial credit — Maine's Consumer Credit Code excludes business-purpose extensions of credit.",
      "cite": "14 M.R.S. §§ 1602-B, 1602-C; 9-A M.R.S. § 1-202(1)",
      "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/14/title14sec1602-B.html",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "No general cap on business/commercial credit; the Consumer Credit Code excludes business-purpose extensions and the old usury statute is repealed. Set the rate in writing.",
        "basis": "9-A M.R.S. § 1-202(1)"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Maryland",
      "rate": "6%",
      "rateDetail": "Constitutional legal rate; recoverable as of right on liquidated sums from the date payment was due.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "8% with a signed written agreement — but loans to corporations and commercial loans over $15,000 (unsecured by a residence) or $75,000 (secured) carry any agreed rate.",
      "cite": "Md. Const. art. III, § 57; Com. Law §§ 12-102, 12-103",
      "url": "https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/43const/html/03art3.html",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "capped",
        "capShort": "6% (8% with signed agreement)",
        "note": "6% binds an ordinary unpaid invoice (8% only with a signed loan agreement). Corp-loan and $15,000+ commercial-loan exemptions apply only to actual loans — a trade invoice is not a loan.",
        "basis": "Md. Const. art. III §57; Com. Law §12-103(e)"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Massachusetts",
      "rate": "12%",
      "rateDetail": "Court-added prejudgment rate in contract actions, from the date of breach or demand; the general legal rate outside litigation is 6%.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "20% criminal-usury ceiling (all-in, including fees) unless the lender notifies the Attorney General; no blanket business exemption.",
      "cite": "MGL c.231 § 6C; c.107 § 3; c.271 § 49",
      "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIII/TitleII/Chapter231/Section6c",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "capped",
        "capShort": "20% criminal (all-in)",
        "note": "20%/yr criminal-usury ceiling, counting all fees and charges; no blanket business exemption. Exceeding it is lawful only if the lender files notice with the Attorney General.",
        "basis": "MGL c.271 §49; c.107 §3"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Michigan",
      "rate": "No automatic rate",
      "rateDetail": "If the contract is silent, no contractual interest accrues before suit; once a complaint is filed, the judgment-interest formula applies (5-yr Treasury auction average +1 pt, reset semi-annually, compounded annually).",
      "rateCurrent": {
        "label": "current judgment rate",
        "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/taxes/interest-rates-for-money-judgments"
      },
      "maxWritten": "7% nominal cap — but corporations and business entities may agree in writing to any rate (usury defense barred); outer criminal line is 25%.",
      "cite": "MCL 438.31, 438.61, 450.1275; MCL 600.6013",
      "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-438-31",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "capped",
        "capShort": "25% criminal",
        "note": "Corporations/business entities may agree to any rate (civil usury defense barred), but the 25%/yr criminal-usury cap still binds them — that is the real B2B ceiling.",
        "basis": "MCL 450.1275, 438.61, 438.41"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Minnesota",
      "rate": "6%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate when no rate is contracted in writing. Once a claim/suit is noticed, a separate court-set rate applies (2026: 4% up to $50,000; 10% above).",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "8% general cap — but written credit of $100,000+ is uncapped, and smaller business loans may charge Fed 90-day commercial-paper discount +4.5 pts.",
      "cite": "Minn. Stat. §§ 334.01, 334.011; § 549.09",
      "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/334.01",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "conditional",
        "capShort": "Fed 90-day CP discount +4.5% (under $100k)",
        "note": "Credit of $100,000+ is uncapped. Business loans under $100k get a higher floating ceiling (Fed 90-day CP discount +4.5 pts), so an ordinary smaller invoice is still capped.",
        "basis": "Minn. Stat. §§ 334.01 subd.2, 334.011"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Mississippi",
      "rate": "8%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate on notes, accounts and contracts when no rate is agreed.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "Any rate agreed in writing when the principal exceeds $2,000. Otherwise tiered caps: greater of 10% or Fed discount +5 pts (general); greater of 15% or discount +5 pts for business entities on deals over $2,500.",
      "cite": "Miss. Code Ann. § 75-17-1",
      "url": "https://advance.lexis.com/container?config=00JAAzNzhjOTYxNC0wZjRkLTQzNzAtYjJlYS1jNjExZWYxZGFhMGYKAFBvZENhdGFsb2cMlW40w5iIH7toHnTBIEP0",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "conditional",
        "capShort": "any written rate over $2,000",
        "note": "Any obligation OVER $2,000 may carry any finance charge agreed in writing (no ceiling) — covers most invoices. At/under $2,000: cap of greater of 10% or Fed discount +5 pts.",
        "basis": "Miss. Code Ann. § 75-17-1(5),(2)"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Missouri",
      "rate": "9%",
      "rateDetail": "On written contracts, from the due date; on open accounts, after the debt is due AND payment has been demanded.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "10% cap (or the state-published market rate if higher — Q2 2026 market rate is 7.68%, so 10% governs). Exempt: loans to corporations/partnerships/LLCs (any amount) and business loans of $5,000+ — any agreed rate.",
      "cite": "RSMo 408.020, 408.030, 408.035",
      "url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=408.020",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "conditional",
        "capShort": "10% (non-entity, under $5,000)",
        "note": "Loans to a corporation/partnership/LLC (any amount) and business loans of $5,000+ may bear any rate. A sub-$5,000 debt owed by a non-entity (sole prop) stays at the 10% cap.",
        "basis": "RSMo 408.030, 408.035"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Montana",
      "rate": "10%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate after the money becomes due (instruments, accounts stated, settled accounts) when no written rate is fixed.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "Greater of 15% or Fed H.15 prime +6 pts (dated 3 business days before signing) — prime +6 is currently below the 15% floor, so 15% governs.",
      "cite": "MCA 31-1-106, 31-1-107",
      "url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0310/chapter_0010/part_0010/section_0060/0310-0010-0010-0060.html",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "capped",
        "capShort": "15% (floor)",
        "note": "Cap = greater of 15% or Fed H.15 prime +6 pts; no broad business exemption (only regulated lenders escape). Prime+6 is below 15% now, so 15%/yr binds ordinary B2B.",
        "basis": "Mont. Code Ann. § 31-1-107"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Nebraska",
      "rate": "12%",
      "rateDetail": "On written instruments and settled accounts; on unsettled accounts each charge bears interest from the billing date unless paid within 30 days.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "16% general cap — but exempt: entity borrowers, business/agricultural-purpose loans, and deals at or above $25,000 (rising to $100,000 on July 18, 2026) — any agreed rate.",
      "cite": "Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 45-104, 45-101.03, 45-101.04",
      "url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=45-104",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "16% cap does not apply to entity borrowers OR business/agricultural-purpose loans, so ordinary B2B is effectively uncapped (dollar threshold is a separate, additional exemption).",
        "basis": "Neb. Rev. Stat. § 45-101.04"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Nevada",
      "rate": "Variable",
      "rateDetail": "Prime rate at Nevada's largest bank +2 pts, fixed semi-annually (Jan 1 / Jul 1) for money from the time it becomes due.",
      "rateCurrent": {
        "label": "8.75% (Jan–Jun 2026)",
        "url": "https://fid.nv.gov/Resources/Fees_and_Prime_Interest_Rate/"
      },
      "maxWritten": "No cap — any rate agreed in writing is lawful.",
      "cite": "NRS 99.040, 99.050",
      "url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-099.html#NRS099Sec040",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "No general usury cap; parties to a written contract may agree to any rate. The only ceiling (36% APR) applies solely to military consumer credit, not B2B.",
        "basis": "NRS 99.050(1)"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "New Hampshire",
      "rate": "Variable",
      "rateDetail": "Rate recovered in litigation (pre- and post-judgment): 26-week T-bill discount rate +2 pts, set annually by the State Treasurer. A fixed 10% residual default applies to business transactions outside that context.",
      "rateCurrent": {
        "label": "5.7% (2026)",
        "url": "https://www.treasury.nh.gov/transparency/interest-rates-judgments"
      },
      "maxWritten": "No cap for business transactions agreed in writing (consumer credit is the only carve-out).",
      "cite": "RSA 336:1",
      "url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/xxxi/336/336-1.htm",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "No numeric usury cap on business transactions agreed in writing; rate limits are reserved for consumer credit. Set the B2B rate in writing.",
        "basis": "RSA 336:1, I"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "New Jersey",
      "rate": "Variable",
      "rateDetail": "Court-awarded prejudgment interest at the Court Rule 4:42-11 rate (NJ Cash Management Fund average; +2 pts on amounts over $20,000), set annually.",
      "rateCurrent": {
        "label": "4.5% / 6.5% (2026)",
        "url": "https://www.njcourts.gov/notices/notice-post-judgment-interest-rate-calendar-year-2026-rule-442-11"
      },
      "maxWritten": "16% written civil cap on paper — but corporate borrowers cannot plead usury and deals of $50,000+ are exempt; criminal ceiling 50% (entities) / 30% (individuals).",
      "cite": "N.J. Ct. R. 4:42-11; N.J.S.A. 31:1-1, 31:1-6; 2C:21-19",
      "url": "https://www.njcourts.gov/notices/notice-post-judgment-interest-rate-calendar-year-2026-rule-442-11",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "capped",
        "capShort": "50% criminal (entity)",
        "note": "16% civil cap is unenforceable vs corporations/LLCs/LLPs, and deals $50k+ escape it, but criminal usury still caps B2B: 50%/yr to an entity, 30%/yr to an individual.",
        "basis": "N.J.S.A. 31:1-1(e), 31:1-6, 2C:21-19"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "New Mexico",
      "rate": "Up to 15%",
      "rateDetail": "When no written rate is fixed; courts typically award the full 15% on matured sums from the day the balance is ascertained.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "No cap when the debtor is a business entity (express statutory exclusion); the general 36% credit cap applies otherwise.",
      "cite": "NMSA 1978 §§ 56-8-3, 56-8-9",
      "url": "https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/item/4395/index.do",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "conditional",
        "capShort": "36% (non-entity debtor)",
        "note": "If the debtor is a corporation/LLC/business entity, no rate cap applies (any written rate). If the debtor is a non-entity (e.g. sole prop), the general 36% credit cap governs.",
        "basis": "NMSA 1978 §§ 56-8-9, 56-8-21"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "New York",
      "rate": "9%",
      "rateDetail": "Statutory prejudgment rate on contract debts (simple), from the earliest date the claim existed. The 2% consumer-debt rate does not apply to B2B.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "16% civil / 25% criminal usury caps — loans of $250,000+ escape the civil cap, $2.5M+ escape both; corporations cannot plead civil usury (effective ceiling ≈25%).",
      "cite": "CPLR 5004; GOL 5-501; Penal Law 190.40",
      "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVP/5004",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "capped",
        "capShort": "25% criminal (effective)",
        "note": "Corporations can't raise the 16% civil cap but CAN raise the 25% criminal cap, so ~25%/yr is the effective B2B ceiling (loans $250k+ escape civil; $2.5M+ escape all).",
        "basis": "GOL 5-501, 5-521; Penal Law 190.40"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "North Carolina",
      "rate": "8%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate; on contract claims the awarded amount bears interest from the date of breach.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "None for business borrowers/purposes or $300,000+ loans (§ 24-9), and any rate over $25,000 principal; small non-business loans: greater of 16% or T-bill +6 pts (monthly).",
      "cite": "N.C.G.S. §§ 24-1, 24-5, 24-1.1, 24-9",
      "url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_24/GS_24-1.html",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "Any loan to a business entity OR for a business/commercial purpose is an 'exempt loan transaction' — any rate, usury defense barred. The floating cap hits only small consumer-type loans.",
        "basis": "N.C.G.S. §§ 24-9, 24-1.1(a)"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "North Dakota",
      "rate": "6%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate for any legal indebtedness unless a different written rate (continues after maturity).",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "Floating cap: 6-month T-bill average +5.5 pts, published monthly by the banking commissioner (June 2026: 9.059%; floor 7%); most genuine business transactions are exempt.",
      "cite": "N.D.C.C. 47-14-05, 47-14-09",
      "url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t47c14.pdf",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "conditional",
        "capShort": "~9% floating (non-entity, $35k or less)",
        "note": "Loans to a corp/LLC/partnership, and any deal over $35,000, are exempt. A sub-$35k debt owed by a sole prop stays under the floating cap (T-bill+5.5%, 7% floor; ~9% mid-2026).",
        "basis": "N.D.C.C. § 47-14-09"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Ohio",
      "rate": "Variable",
      "rateDetail": "Set annually by the Tax Commissioner (federal short-term rate rounded +3 pts); runs from when the money became due and payable.",
      "rateCurrent": {
        "label": "7% (2026)",
        "url": "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/tax.ohio.gov/individual/2026_Interest_Rates.pdf"
      },
      "maxWritten": "8% written cap — lifted for any \"business loan\" (no dollar floor) and for principal over $100,000: any agreed rate.",
      "cite": "ORC 1343.03, 5703.47, 1343.01",
      "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-1343.03",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "8% written cap is lifted for any 'business loan' with NO dollar floor (and for principal over $100k), so genuine B2B credit may bear any agreed rate.",
        "basis": "ORC 1343.01(B)(6),(B)(1)"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Oklahoma",
      "rate": "6%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate absent a contract rate; liquidated sums earn interest from the day the right to recover vested.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "10% constitutional ceiling as the residual rule; statutes authorize higher rates for various licensed/consumer lending regimes.",
      "cite": "15 O.S. § 266; Okla. Const. art. XIV, § 2",
      "url": "https://oksenate.gov/sites/default/files/2019-12/os15.pdf",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "capped",
        "capShort": "10% (constitutional)",
        "note": "10%/yr constitutional ceiling is the residual rule for ordinary B2B contracts; no blanket business exemption. Higher rates need a specific statute (licensed/consumer regimes).",
        "basis": "Okla. Const. art. XIV §2; 15 O.S. §266"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Oregon",
      "rate": "9%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate on moneys after they become due; open accounts bear interest from the date of the last item.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "No cap on trade credit/invoices — the usury cap reaches only money loans of $50,000 or less; larger loans are uncapped.",
      "cite": "ORS 82.010",
      "url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors082.html",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "The usury cap reaches only money LOANS of $50,000 or less. Ordinary trade credit / unpaid invoices aren't loans, so they're uncapped; larger loans are uncapped too.",
        "basis": "ORS 82.010(3)"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Pennsylvania",
      "rate": "6%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate; on a fixed-sum debt it runs as of right from the date payment was due.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "6% cap applies only to loans of $50,000 or less — business loans of any amount are exempt (any agreed rate).",
      "cite": "41 P.S. §§ 201, 202",
      "url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/LI/uconsCheck.cfm?txtType=HTM&yr=1974&sessInd=0&act=6",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "'Business loans of any principal amount' are excluded from the 6% cap, so B2B credit has no usury ceiling; corporations also cannot plead usury.",
        "basis": "41 P.S. § 201(b)(3)"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Rhode Island",
      "rate": "12%",
      "rateDetail": "Statutory legal rate when no rate is agreed.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "Greater of 21% or the domestic prime rate +9 pts — and this cap applies to ordinary B2B deals too (no business exemption).",
      "cite": "R.I. Gen. Laws §§ 6-26-1, 6-26-2",
      "url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE6/6-26/6-26-1.htm",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "capped",
        "capShort": "21% (or prime+9%)",
        "note": "Cap = greater of 21% or prime +9 pts, and it DOES apply to ordinary B2B (no business exemption). Only a commercial loan over $1,000,000 with a CPA analysis escapes.",
        "basis": "R.I. Gen. Laws § 6-26-2"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "South Carolina",
      "rate": "8.75%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate on ascertained sums due when no rate is agreed (post-judgment rate is separate: prime +4 pts, 10.75% for 2026).",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "No cap on written non-consumer contracts — parties may agree to any rate.",
      "cite": "S.C. Code Ann. §§ 34-31-20, 37-10-106",
      "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t34c031.php",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "No cap on written non-consumer contracts: by express written agreement any rate may be charged. B2B trade credit falls outside the consumer-credit rate limits.",
        "basis": "S.C. Code Ann. § 37-10-106(1)"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "South Dakota",
      "rate": "15%",
      "rateDetail": "Category F default rate when no written rate is fixed, from the day the balance is due/ascertained.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "No cap — any rate set by written agreement between businesses or persons is lawful.",
      "cite": "SDCL 54-3-5, 54-3-16, 54-3-1.1",
      "url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/54-3-5",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "No usury cap between businesses when the rate is set by signed written agreement. Caution: a rate merely PRINTED on a bill/invoice (no signed contract) is capped at 18%/yr.",
        "basis": "SDCL 54-3-1.1; 54-3-5"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Tennessee",
      "rate": "10%",
      "rateDetail": "Maximum effective default for uncontracted transactions; courts award prejudgment interest in equity at up to 10%.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "Formula rate: lesser of Fed prime +4 pts or 24%, announced weekly by the TN Dept. of Financial Institutions (June 9, 2026: 10.75%).",
      "cite": "Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 47-14-102, -103, -123",
      "url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/tennessee/title-47/chapter-14/part-1/section-47-14-103/",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "capped",
        "capShort": "formula rate (~10.75%, max 24%)",
        "note": "Floating 'formula rate' caps written contracts (incl. commercial): lesser of Fed prime +4 pts or 24%, published weekly (10.75% as of June 9, 2026). No general business exemption.",
        "basis": "Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 47-14-102, -103"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Texas",
      "rate": "6%",
      "rateDetail": "Begins accruing on the 30th day after the amount is due when the contract specifies no rate.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "Weekly ceiling (26-week T-bill ×2), floor 18% / cap 24% — 28% for business credit; \"exempt commercial loans\" ($500,000+ unsecured / $7M+ realty-secured) carry any agreed rate.",
      "cite": "Tex. Fin. Code §§ 302.002, 303.009, 306.1015",
      "url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/FI/htm/FI.302.htm",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "capped",
        "capShort": "28% (business credit)",
        "note": "Business/commercial credit is capped at 28%/yr. Only an 'exempt commercial loan' ($500k+ unsecured, or $7M+ realty-secured) carries any rate — thresholds an invoice never reaches.",
        "basis": "Tex. Fin. Code §§ 303.009(c), 306.1015"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Utah",
      "rate": "10%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate for contracts (including services and breach claims) unless the parties specify otherwise.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "No cap — parties to a lawful contract may agree on any rate.",
      "cite": "Utah Code § 15-1-1",
      "url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title15/Chapter1/15-1-S1.html",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "No usury ceiling: parties to a lawful contract may agree on any rate. The 10% figure is only a default when no rate is set.",
        "basis": "Utah Code § 15-1-1(1)"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Vermont",
      "rate": "12%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate; awarded as of right on liquidated sums from the date the debt became due.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "12% general cap — but corporate obligations and business/income-producing financing are exempt (any agreed rate).",
      "cite": "9 V.S.A. §§ 41a, 46",
      "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/09/004/00041a",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "12% cap does not apply to obligations of corporations or financing of an income-producing business/activity — true B2B may carry any agreed rate.",
        "basis": "9 V.S.A. § 46"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Virginia",
      "rate": "6%",
      "rateDetail": "On open accounts with no written credit agreement, interest accrues AUTOMATICALLY from day 61 after the invoice/billing statement is presented and unpaid — no demand needed.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "12% general cap — but business/investment loans of $5,000+ are exempt (any agreed rate).",
      "cite": "Va. Code §§ 6.2-301, 6.2-303, 6.2-317",
      "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title6.2/chapter3/section6.2-301/",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "conditional",
        "capShort": "12% (deals under $5,000)",
        "note": "Business/investment loans of $5,000+ are exempt (any rate; usury defense barred). Below $5,000, or for non-business purposes, the 12% cap applies.",
        "basis": "Va. Code § 6.2-317, 6.2-303"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Washington",
      "rate": "12%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate where no different rate is agreed in writing; applied as prejudgment interest on liquidated claims.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "Floating cap: higher of 12% or 26-week T-bill average +4 pts — business transactions are exempt (any agreed rate).",
      "cite": "RCW 19.52.010, 19.52.020",
      "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=19.52.010",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "Business entities can't plead usury, and no one may plead it for a commercial/business/investment/agricultural-purpose deal — so B2B may exceed the 12% floating cap freely.",
        "basis": "RCW 19.52.080"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "West Virginia",
      "rate": "6%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate absent a written rate; once litigated, a court-set variable rate applies (2026: 6.25%; floor 4% / cap 9%).",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "8% written cap — but business-purpose debts are exempt (entities: any amount; individuals: $20,000+).",
      "cite": "W. Va. Code §§ 47-6-5, 47-6-11",
      "url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/47-6-5/",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "8% cap is removed for business-purpose debts: entity debtors have NO dollar threshold. (A natural-person/sole-prop debtor is exempt only at $20,000+.)",
        "basis": "W. Va. Code § 47-6-11"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Wisconsin",
      "rate": "5%",
      "rateDetail": "Legal rate when the contract is silent; runs from the contractual due date (or from demand/suit if no time is set).",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "12% general cap — but loans to corporations/LLCs and deals of $150,000+ are exempt; effectively no ceiling on written B2B contracts.",
      "cite": "Wis. Stat. §§ 138.04, 138.05",
      "url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/138/04",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "12% cap doesn't apply to loans to corporations/LLCs, business-purpose loans, or deals $150,000+ — so written B2B contracts effectively have no ceiling. The 18% figure is a consumer-license trigger.",
        "basis": "Wis. Stat. § 138.05(5),(7)"
      }
    },
    {
      "state": "Wyoming",
      "rate": "7%",
      "rateDetail": "Statutory default when no rate is agreed in writing.",
      "rateCurrent": null,
      "maxWritten": "No cap for business credit — Wyoming's rate caps live in its consumer-credit code and don't reach commercial transactions.",
      "cite": "Wyo. Stat. § 40-14-106",
      "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title40.pdf",
      "b2b": {
        "bucket": "no-cap",
        "capShort": null,
        "note": "Rate caps live only in the consumer-credit code (organization debtors and business purposes are excluded); no general usury statute reaches commercial deals. Any agreed B2B rate is fine.",
        "basis": "Wyo. Stat. §§ 40-14-204, 40-14-304"
      }
    }
  ]
}